The sweet temptation: sugar or alternatives? Experts clarify!

The sweet temptation: sugar or alternatives? Experts clarify!

The use of sugar and its alternatives is increasingly becoming a key public health issue. An issue of the Am Puls consultation is dedicated to “Sweet temptation – sugar or sugar substitutes and sweeteners as an alternative?” this topic. Experts such as Alexandra Kautzky-Willer, internist at the Vienna General Hospital, and dieticians such as Rita Bugl and Isabella Kimmeswenger will take part in the discussion. Maria Harmer is responsible for moderation.

In Austria, the average sugar consumption is estimated at 30 sugar cubes per day. Many consumers are unaware that sugar is often hidden in processed foods such as cereal, energy drinks and salad dressings. In addition, the health benefits and potential risks of sweeteners and sugar substitutes are controversial. Participants can take part in the discussion by telephone on 0800 22 69 79 or by email at ampuls@orf.at.

Focus on sugar alternatives

The choice between sugar and its alternatives is not trivial. Common sugar substitutes include xylitol, erythritol, sorbitol, isomalt and mannitol. These products are used in “sugar-free” foods and are legally distinguished from sweeteners in Germany. While sweeteners such as aspartame, saccharin or stevia do not provide any calories and do not affect blood sugar levels, sugar substitutes often offer a lower calorie alternative.

Erythritol, for example, provides just 20 kcal per 100g, making it an attractive option for sugar-conscious consumers. However, erythritol is only two-thirds as sweet as table sugar. It is quickly absorbed in the small intestine and only a small portion passes into the large intestine. However, the effects of erythritol on the microbiome are still unclear and are controversial in various studies.

The microbiome and its importance

The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in health. It is made up of bacteria, archaea and fungi and can vary from person to person. A healthy microbiome is essential for immune development and defense against pathogens. Deviations from the healthy norm are often associated with various diseases. While some sugar substitutes could potentially have positive effects on the microbiome, it is not entirely clear what effects they actually have.

Xylitol, for example, is absorbed more slowly in the small intestine and partially reaches the large intestine, where it is metabolized into short-chain fatty acids that may strengthen the intestinal barrier. Isomalt, on the other hand, is not absorbed in the small intestine and could have a beneficial effect on the microbiome, which has been observed in previous studies. However, the principle “the dose makes the poison” also applies here – the effects of the various sugar alcohols have been studied to a limited extent.

The International Psychotherapy Congress in Vienna, which will take place in July 2025 under the theme “Polarities of Life”, reminds us of the importance of taking both mental and physical health into account. With over 2000 international psychotherapists, this will be a significant event. In this context, diet plays a very special role, especially the decision between sugar and its alternatives.

Overall, it can be said that the discussion about sugar and sugar alternatives is of great importance in everyday life. Consumers are required to think critically about the ingredients in their food and make informed decisions for their health.